100 Questions on Basic Electroplating Knowledge (Part 7)

31.Why is pig iron castings more difficult to plating than other steel parts? Answer: Cast pig iron parts, the surface is often uneven and porous, in such a surface will only get rough and porous plating. In addition, in the pig iron surface, there are free graphite, it not only affects the plating and the combination of base metal, at the same time, there are pores in the plating of the case, it will become the cathode of the corrosion battery, so that the plating of the metal is quickly destroyed, the graphite in the pig iron, and sometimes have to reduce the role of the hydrogen super-voltage, resulting in the hydrogen is easy to precipitate in the place, impeding the deposition of metal, so the casting of the pig iron parts more than other Iron and steel parts are difficult to plating. 32.. In the cyanide copper plating, free cyanide is insufficient, what should be added? Can I add cuprous cyanide? Answer:When free cyanide is insufficient in copper cyanide plating, sodium (or potassium) cyanide should be added. If you add cuprous cyanide, the free cyanide is further reduced, and the copper coating becomes coarse and rough.CuCN+2NaCN=Na2Cu(CN)3 33.When preparing a cyanide copper plating solution, is it correct to dissolve the powdered cuprous cyanide in warm water and then add it to the plating bath? Answer:No. Because cuprous cyanide is insoluble in water. Copper cyanide should be dissolved in a solution of sodium (or potassium) cyanide, and the amount of sodium cyanide is 1.15 times that of copper cyanide. 34.In the cyanide copper plating solution, the use of air stirring is appropriate? Answer:It is not suitable to use air stirring in cyanide copper plating solution. Because the carbon dioxide in the air will react with the alkali in the solution to…

100 Questions on Basic Electroplating Knowledge (Part 6)

26.Known current density and plating time, how to find the thickness of the plating layer? Answer: First of all, according to the type of plating the current efficiency of the process, while checking the table to get the electrochemical equivalent of the metal and the density (specific gravity), and then calculated according to the following formula: ■ Plating thickness d formula (d: microns).Plating thickness d formula (d: micron)d=(C×Dk×t×ηk×100)/(60×r)■Plating time t calculation formula (t: minutes)t=(60×r×d)/(C×Dk×ηk×100)■Cathode current density Dk calculation formula (Dk: A/dm2)Dk=(60×r×d)/(C×t×ηk×100)■Cathode current efficiency calculation formula:ηk=(60×r×d)/(C×t×Dk×100)C=electrochemical equivalent (g/ampere-hour)Dk=cathodic current density (amperes/square decimeter)t=plating time (min)ηκ=cathodic current efficiency (%)r = plating layer metal density (g / cm 3)Example: nickel plating solution is known to be 95% current efficiency, cathode current density of 2.5A / d ㎡, plating 20 minutes after the resulting thickness of the plating layer is how much? Check the table to get the nickel electrochemical equivalent of 1.095 density 8.8d = (C × Dk × t × ηk) / 60r = 1.095 × 2.5 × 20 × 95% × 100 / (60 × 8.8) = 9.85um 27.What are anodic and cathodic plating, and for iron substrate, zinc, copper, nickel, chromium, copper-tin alloy, etc. plating belongs to that category of plating? Answer:According to the electrochemical relationship between the plated metal and the base metal, the plating can be divided into anodic plating and cathodic plating, under general conditions, the electrode potential of the plated metal is negative than that of the base metal, it is called anodic plating, and vice versa, it is called cathodic plating. Zinc plating electrode potential than the electrode potential of the iron substrate is negative, so the zinc plating is anodic plating. Copper, nickel, copper-tin alloy plating potential than the potential of the iron substrate is positive. Therefore, it is cathodic plating. Chromium plating according to…

100 Questions on Basic Electroplating Knowledge (Part 5)

21.What is electrolysis? Answer:When the electric current passes through the electrolyte, the redox reaction occurs on the electrode so that the electrolyte is decomposed under the action of the current is called electrolysis. When the electrolyte is energized, the cations move to the cathode, and get electrons at the cathode and be reduced to a new substance; anions move to the anode, and lose electrons at the anode and be oxidized to a new substance. Sometimes the oxidation of the electrode material also occurs at the anode. An example is the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride.NaCl→Na++Cl-Cathode Na++e→NaAnode 2Cl–2e→Cl2↑Electrolysis industry plays a huge role in the national economy, the smelting of many non-ferrous and rare metals, the preparation of chemical industry products and electroplating, electropolishing, anodic oxidation and so on are realized by electrolysis. Translated with DeepL.com (free version) 22.What is electroplating? Answer: By electrolysis, in the metal parts on the surface of the deposition of a thin layer of other metal methods, it is called electroplating. Plating includes pre-plating treatment (oil removal, rust removal), plated metal layer and post-plating treatment (passivation, dehydrogenation) and other processes. It is used to prevent corrosion of metal products, repair worn parts, increase durability, reflectivity, electrical conductivity and aesthetics. Plating will be metal parts as the cathode, the plated metal plate or bar as the anode, respectively, hanging in the copper pole bar above the electrolyte containing plating components immersed in the direct current.In individual cases, there are also insoluble anodes, such as chromium plating with lead or lead-antimony alloy anode. 23.What is current strength? Answer:Current strength, referred to as current, is the amount of electricity passing through the cross-section of the conductor per unit time. The unit is ampere, referred to as ampere (A). 24.What is the current density? How to calculate? Answer:Current density…

Brand tag temperature of electrophoresis rack

The term “Brand tag electrophoresis lattice” is not a common term in the industry, but in conjunction with the “electrophoresis lattice” related process, the temperature control needs to be determined according to the specific type of process and equipment requirements. The following is the possible temperature range and analysis: Check the equipment manual or process documentation for temperature parameters.Contact the electrophoresis paint supplier for recommended process temperatures.Regularly calibrate the temperature control equipment to ensure the accuracy of temperature control.

Brand tag spray lattice oil temperature

The term “Brand tag Spray Rack Oil” is not a common or widely recognized term, and in conjunction with the term “Spray Rack”, it is assumed that it may relate to the lubricant of industrial spraying equipment (e.g., spray racks) or related process oils, but the specific temperatures need to be determined based on the process of the equipment, the type of oil, and the usage scenario. However, the specific temperature should be determined by the equipment process, oil type, and usage scenario. The following are possible temperature ranges and analyses:

Brand tag physical properties of post-electroplating oil spraying-B

Brand tag physical properties of post-electroplating oil spraying-A

Brand tag (brand signage) after plating the physical properties of the spray oil will be plated and spray oil material and its process of the joint influence, specific performance is as follows:

Physical properties of brand tag’s electrophoretic lattice frame

The “Brand tag” electrophoresis lattice is not a widely recognized or standardized product name. In common industry terminology, electrophoresis and lattice (often referred to as a sealer or topcoat) are two different surface treatments that may be combined for specific products, but there is a lack of publicly available technical information that directly corresponds to the “Brand tag” electrophoresis lattice. However, there is a lack of publicly available technical information that directly corresponds to the “Brand tag electrophoresis lattice”. The following provides a framework for analyzing the physical properties of electrophoresis and lacquering processes: First. physical properties of electrophoresis processElectrophoretic coating causes charged particles to be deposited on the surface of the workpiece through the action of an electric field, forming a uniform coating, and its physical properties include: Coating uniformity: electrophoresis can realize uniform coverage of the inner cavities and crevices of complex workpieces, avoiding dead corners.Adhesion: dense paint film, strong bonding with substrate, excellent impact resistance.Corrosion resistance: dense coating, salt spray resistance test can reach more than 72 hours, suitable for high corrosion resistance requirement scene.Mechanical properties: high hardness (such as 180 ℃ baking hardness up to 4-5H), strong impact resistance.Glossiness: By adjusting the ratio of high-gloss/low-gloss paint, different gloss requirements can be realized.Second, the physical properties of the lattice frame (closed paint / top coat) processLattice frame is usually used as a surface protection layer, its physical properties include:Weathering resistance: to prevent the underlying plating layer from oxidizing and discoloring, and to enhance the corrosion resistance.Hardness and abrasion resistance: Provide surface hardness to resist scratches and abrasions.Adhesion: Good bonding with electrophoretic coating or underlying metal to prevent flaking.Glossiness: can be adjusted to transparent, matte or high-gloss effect to meet the demand of appearance. Thirde.potential performance of electrophoresis combined with lattice frameIf the “Brand tag” product adopts electrophoresis…

Difference between electrophoresis lattice frame and oil spraying of brand tag-B

Fourth. cost and efficiency comparisonEquipment investmentElectrophoresis lattice: need to build electrophoresis tanks, rectifiers, ultrafiltration systems, etc., the initial investment is higher.Oil spraying: the cost of equipment is lower, spray gun, air compressor and other equipment are easy to configure.Production efficiencyElectrophoresis rack: high degree of automation, suitable for continuous production of large quantity, long cycle of color change.Oil spraying: manual or semi-automatic operation, flexible in single piece production, but less efficient than electrophoresis.Comprehensive costElectrophoresis rack: lower cost per unit area (about 1.5-3 RMB/m2), but need to consider the cost of waste water treatment.Oil spraying: higher cost per unit area (about 2-5 RMB/㎡), but no waste water treatment cost. Fifth. summarize and selection suggestionsElectrophoresis lath is suitable for metal workpieces with high requirements for corrosion resistance and coating uniformity, especially suitable for mass production of complex structural parts.Oil spraying is suitable for workpieces with high decorative requirements and simple structure, such as wood and plastic products, etc. Cost-sensitive projects are better.The actual selection should take into account the workpiece material, performance requirements, production scale and environmental regulations.